A bookmark is a thin marker, commonly made of paper Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets or card Cardboard is a generic term for heavy-duty paper-based products sometimes made by pasting together two or more layers of paper. It is used to make playing cards, signs, boxes, and other things. Synonyms include paperboard and pasteboard. . In industry, the term "cardboard" is seldom used because it does not denote a specific material, used to keep one's place in a book A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book and so be able to return to it with ease. Other frequently used materials for bookmarks are leather, metals like silver and brass, silk, wood and fabrics. Many bookmarks can be clipped on a page with the aid of a page-flap.
History of bookmarks
Bookmarks were used throughout the medieval period,[1] consisting usually of a small parchment strip attached to the edge of folio (or a piece of cord attached to headband).
As the first printed books were quite rare and valuable, it was determined early on that something was needed to mark one's place in a book without causing its pages any harm. Some of the earliest bookmarks were used at the end of the sixteenth century, and Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her was one of the first to own one.
Modern bookmarks are available in a huge variety of materials with a multitude of designs and styles from which to choose. Many are made of cardboard or heavy paper, but they are also constructed of leather, ribbon, fabric, felt, steel, wire, tin, beads, wood, plastic, vinyl, silver, gold and other precious metals, some decorated with gemstones.
The first detached, and therefore collectible, bookmarkers began to appear in the 1850s. One of the first references to these is found in Mary Russell Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life (1852): "I had no marker and the richly bound volume closed as if instinctively." Note the abbreviation of 'bookmarker' to 'marker'. The modern abbreviation is usually 'bookmark'. Historical bookmarks can be very valuable, and are sometimes collected along with other paper ephemera Ephemera is transitory written and printed matter not intended to be retained or preserved. The word derives from the Greek, meaning things lasting no more than a day. Some collectible ephemera are advertising trade cards, airsickness bags, bookmarks, catalogues, greeting cards, letters, pamphlets, postcards, posters, prospectuses, stock.
By the 1860s attractive machine-woven markers were being manufactured, mainly in Coventry Coventry (pronounced /ˈkɒvəntri/ or /ˈkʌvəntri/ ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848., although Leicester, UK, the centre of the silk-ribbon industry. One of the earliest was produced by J.&J. Cash to mark the death of the Prince Consort in 1861. Thomas Stevens of Coventry soon became pre-eminent in the field and claimed to have nine hundred different designs.
Woven pictorial bookmarks produced by Thomas Stevens, a 19th century English silk weaver, starting around 1862, are called Stevengraphs.[2] Woven silk bookmarks were very appreciated gifts in Victorian days and Stevens seemed to make one for every occasion and celebration. One Stevengraph read: All of the gifts which heaven bestows, there is one above all measure, and that's a friend midst all our woes, a friend is a found treasure to thee I give that sacred name, for thou art such to me, and ever proudly will I claim to be a friend to thee.
Most nineteenth-century bookmarks were intended for use in bibles and prayer books and were made of ribbon, woven silk or leather. By the 1880s the production of woven silk markers was declining and printed markers made of stiff paper or cardboard began to appear in significant numbers. This development paralleled the wider availability of books themselves, and the range of available bookmarkers soon expanded dramatically.
References
- ^ For a 9th century Carolingian bookmark see: Szirmai, J. A. (1999). The archaeology of medieval bookbinding. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 123. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique[clarification needed] numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin,[clarification needed] for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0859679047. For a 15th century bookmark see Medeltidshandskrift 34, Lund University Library.
- ^ Gordon Campbell (2006). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. 2. Oxford University Press Oxford University Press is the largest university press in the world. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics appointed by the Vice-Chancellor known as the Delegates of the Press. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative. p. 395. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique[clarification needed] numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin,[clarification needed] for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 9780195189483. http://books.google.com/books?id=R8BMW6Au7pQC&pg=RA1-PA395&dq=Stevengraphs&as_brr=3&ei=o97rSeL5LIzckQSDtKmmAQ#PRA1-PA395,M1.
External links
- Virtual Bookmark Convention February 20-21, 2010
- The World of Bookmarks including bookmark exhibition, history, essays, quotes and links presented by Mirage Bookmark
- Antique Silver Bookmark collection
Categories: Book terminology Categories: Books | Bookselling | Book publishing | Book design | Book collecting
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... Read to Me Festival from 10 am to 3 pm March 13 at The Children's Museum of Wilmington, 116 Orange St. Each child will receive a free book and bookmark . ...
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Bookmark 006 Engagement
